Neith is a multifaceted goddess of creation, wisdom, and warfare from ancient Egyptian mythology. Her origins date back to the earliest dynasties, making her one of the most ancient and revered deities in Egyptian history. She played a crucial role in creation myths, the protection of the pharaohs, and the guidance of souls in the afterlife, solidifying her prominence across millennia.
Neith as the Creator
Neith is a primeval deity who existed before the beginning of time. In her role as the weaver of existence, she spun the fabric of the universe from her thoughts, creating all things. Each day, she reweaves the cosmos, ensuring the balance of existence. According to myth, Neith even birthed Ra, the sun god, and brought forth the sun daily, symbolizing light, life, and renewal.
Protector and Warrior
Beyond her creative aspects, Neith was also a fierce war goddess and a protector of the Egyptian people. She safeguarded the pharaohs and was a guardian deity in the afterlife, appearing as the protector of Duamutef, one of Horus’ four sons. Neith was a warrior revered for her strength and martial prowess, often called upon during times of conflict.
Symbolism of Neith
Neith’s depictions emphasize her dual nature as a creator and protector. She is a tall and commanding woman with an aura of strength and elegance. Her attire often includes the Red Crown of Lower Egypt, representing her connection to the land and its protection. She often holds symbols of life and power, such as the ankh and the was-scepter.
In her warlike form, she wields weapons such as a bow and arrows or a sword and shield, emphasizing her role as a martial goddess. Sometimes she is depicted with a lioness’ head, further highlighting her ferocity and association with protection. Another unique portrayal features her with crocodiles suckling at her breasts, symbolizing her life-giving power and her control over the Nile’s fertility.
Worship and Cult
Neith’s worship centered in Sais, a city in the Nile Delta. She was the patron goddess of the region, and her temple, known as the House of the Bee, was a prominent center of worship. Neith was particularly venerated as a goddess of wisdom and divine knowledge, attracting devotees seeking her guidance and blessings for fertility, protection, and victory.
Appearances in modern culture
Books
- The Serpent’s Shadow (2012) by Rick Riordan
- The First Female Pharaoh: Sobekneferu, Goddess of the Seven Stars (2023)
- Ancient Egyptian Magic: The Ultimate Guide to Gods, Goddesses, Divination, Amulets, Rituals, and Spells of Ancient Egypt (2023)
- The Tomb of Queen Nefertari: Egyptian Gods and Goddesses of the New Kingdom (2020)