Wadjet, also known as Wedjat, Uto, or Buto, is one of the oldest goddesses in ancient Egyptian mythology. Known as a powerful protector and a symbol of health and fertility, she is often depicted as a cobra or a woman with the head of a cobra. Her name, “the Green One,” reflects her association with the color green, symbolizing growth, renewal, and vitality.
Patroness of Lower Egypt and the Pharaohs
Wadjet, along with Nekhbet, formed the divine pair known as the “Two Ladies” (Nebty). This symbolizes the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt. Wadjet, the cobra goddess of Lower Egypt, and Nekhbet, the vulture goddess of Upper Egypt, represented the dual kingship of the pharaoh and his divine authority over a unified Egypt. Together, they were depicted as protectors of the pharaoh, appearing on the royal crown—Wadjet as the Uraeus (a rearing cobra) and Nekhbet as a vulture with outstretched wings. This partnership emphasized the pharaoh’s role as the maintainer of Ma’at (balance and harmony) across the land.
In Egyptian rituals and royal iconography, the “Two Ladies” were central figures, invoked during coronations and other state ceremonies. While Wadjet symbolized aggressive protection through her venomous form, Nekhbet represented maternal and nurturing care. Their combined presence signified not only the pharaoh’s divine legitimacy but also the unity and stability of Egypt as a single, harmonious kingdom.
Protector of Women and Children
As a goddess of protection, Wadjet extended her guardianship beyond the pharaohs to women and children. Her role as the goddess of childbirth and fertility made her a crucial figure in the lives of pregnant women and new mothers. Amulets and statues of Wadjet were widely used as talismans to invoke her protective presence, safeguarding newborns and ensuring the health of expectant mothers.
Healer and Guardian of Well-being
Wadjet was also revered as a healer and a goddess of health. She was believed to have the power to ward off disease and provide protection against physical and spiritual ailments. Her temple in Buto became renowned as a center for healing. Her association with the cobra, a creature with venom that could both harm and heal, further emphasized her dual nature as a protector and restorer of health. While she is a protective goddess, she has no role in the afterlife. Her role is more focused on earthly protection and fertility.