Ajax the Greater

Ajax the Great, also known as Aias the Greater, is one of the most formidable warriors in the Greek army during the Trojan War. A towering figure of strength and courage, he is the son of Telamon and a cousin of Achilles. Known for his unshakable bravery and sense of honor, Ajax is a tragic hero whose downfall reveals the psychological costs of heroism and the limitations of strength alone.

Meaning and Etymology

The name “Ajax” (Greek: Αἴας) may be derived from aiō (to lament) or from a root associated with “earth,” possibly referencing his solid, immovable nature in battle. The epithet “the Great” distinguishes him from Ajax the Lesser, another Greek warrior at Troy.

Symbolism

Ajax symbolizes raw strength, martial honor, and unwavering duty. He is the wall of the Achaeans—their defense against Trojan assault. His tragic end underscores how even the strongest heroes can be brought low by pride, isolation, and divine favor turned against them.

Powers and Traits

  • Immense Strength: Ajax is second only to Achilles in physical power and battlefield dominance.
  • Defensive Mastery: He wields a massive shield made of seven layers of ox-hide and bronze.
  • Stability in Battle: While others act on rage or cunning, Ajax is a rock—steady, dependable, and brave.

Family and Relations

  • Father: Telamon, son of Aeacus and brother of Peleus
  • Cousin: Achilles
  • Half-Brother: Teucer, a skilled archer

Key Myths and Deeds

  • Defense of the Ships: Ajax plays a critical role in defending the Greek fleet when Hector leads a fiery assault. His shield and leadership help hold the line.
  • Duel with Hector: In a one-on-one duel, Ajax battles Hector to a draw. The two warriors exchange gifts and part with mutual respect, highlighting Ajax’s role as a man of honor.
  • Rescue of Patroclus’s Body: Alongside Menelaus, Ajax retrieves the body of Patroclus under heavy fire—a pivotal act of bravery in The Iliad.
  • Quarrel Over Achilles’ Armor: After Achilles’s death, Ajax and Odysseus both claim his armor. The Greeks award it to Odysseus, prompting a deep humiliation for Ajax.
  • The Madness and Suicide: Enraged and dishonored, Ajax plans to kill his fellow Greeks. Athena clouds his mind, and he instead slaughters livestock, thinking they are his enemies. When he regains clarity, overwhelmed by shame, he commits suicide.
  • Burial Controversy: Initially denied burial due to his suicide, Ajax is eventually honored, and his memory is preserved as a noble (but tragic) hero.

Worship and Hero Cults

Ajax was worshipped as a hero, particularly in Salamis, his homeland. A shrine was erected in his honor, and festivals called the Aianteia celebrated his legacy. His cult emphasized martial honor, discipline, and loyalty to comrades.

Modern Appearances

Books and Literature

  • The Iliad by Homer – Portrays Ajax as a leading warrior and defender of the Greek army.
  • Sophocles’s Ajax – A tragic play focused on his psychological downfall and death.
  • Mythos by Stephen Fry – References his story within the broader saga of the Trojan War.

TV and Streaming

  • Troy: Fall of a City (Netflix) – Depicts Ajax as a hulking warrior loyal to the cause, though with limited screen time.
  • Referenced in various myth-based series and documentaries exploring the heroes of Troy.

Video Games

  • Total War Saga: Troy – Ajax is a playable hero known for strong infantry leadership and brute force tactics.
  • Age of Mythology – Appears in fan campaigns or mod content as a heavy-hitting melee hero.
  • Frequently referenced in role-playing and card games focused on mythological combat.

Other